The Toulmin Model Of Argument 1 - 1533 Words

The Toulmin Model of Argument (adapted from: http://schoolnet.org.za/twt/09/M9_argumentation.pdf) In his work on logic and argument, The Uses of Argument, Stephen Toulmin indicates three major, necessary parts of an argument, along with three additional, optional parts. The three major parts are the claim, the support, and the warrants. Claim: This is the disputable assertion for which a speaker argues. The claim may be directly stated or the claim may be implied. You can find the claim by asking the question, What is the author trying to prove? Support: These are the reasons given in support of the claim; they are also known as evidence, proof, data, arguments, or grounds. The support of a claim can come in the form of facts and†¦show more content†¦Women are just as effective as men in combat. Affirmative action undermines individual achievement. Illegal immigrants are taking away jobs from Americans who need work. 2. Claims of definition. What is it? What is it like? How should it be classified? How can it be defined? How do we interpret it? Does its meaning shift in particular contexts? Examples: Alcoholism is a disease, not a vice. We need to define the term family before we can talk about family values. Date rape is a violent crime. The death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. 3. Claims of cause. How did this happen? What caused it? What led up to this? What are its effects? What will this produce? Examples: The introduction of the computer into university writing classes has enhanced student writing ability. The popularity of the Internet has led to a rise in plagiarism amongst students. The economic boom of the 1990s was due in large part to the skillful leadership of the executive branch. 4. Claims of value. Is it good or bad? Beneficial or harmful? Moral or immoral? Who says so? What do these people value? What value system will be used to judge? Examples: Doctor-assisted suicide is immoral. Violent computer games are detrimental to children’s social development. Dancing is good, clean fun. 5. Claims of policy. What should we do? How are we to act? What policy should we take? What course of action should we take to solve this problem? Examples: We should spend less onShow MoreRelatedElements of the Toulmin Model1087 Words   |  4 Pages1. INTRODUCTION. In most cases audience do not critically examine arguments provided by public speakers. This has led to the consequence of audience being easily deceived through the speakers emotional appeals, therefore â€Å"Toulmin Model† was introduced. The Toulmin Model is used to evaluate and analyze the arguments provided by the public speakers. Throughout the essay discussion will be based on the six elements of Toulmin model, identifying and describing three types of arguments. As well as outliningRead MoreMinimum Wage During The Great Depression1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Minimum Wage Battle In the United States, the minimum wage was passed during the Great Depression in 1938 to protect the buying power of normal workers in a period in which the â€Å"unemployment rate was still a very high 19 percent† (Sklar, 2009, p. 1). Since that time, there has been significant debate about the controversial topic of raising the federal minimum wage. The federal minimum wage law was created to eliminate unfair practices of sweat shops and manufacturing companies during this timeRead MoreCritical Response Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesimmediately setting the tone for the article: a hard hitting analysis on Australias reliance on coal. Kenny even goes further by saying the term clean coal â€Å"is used to suggest it actually exists. It does not†. 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His beliefs are that public whippings will prevent youths and first time offenders from becoming lifelong felons. The benefits deduced from his argument for flogging assuming it proves to be conclusive would be such. Lowering the rate of felons in jailRead More Jeff Jacobys Bring Back Flogging Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pagesexperienced by many young inmates particularly those of nonviolent offenses are unimaginable. Jacoby’s argument of flogging attempts to show how it can be more productive over the conventional method of punishment seemingly the only way, imprisonment. His beliefs are that public whippings will prevent youths and first time offenders from becoming lifelong felons. The benefits deduced from his argument for flogging assuming it proves to be conclusive would be such. Lowering the rate of felons in jailRead MoreEssay about Mathematical Ethics4160 Words   |  17 Pagesethical subject-matter and ethical method in the Nicomachean Ethics. 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